面向目标的对话系统最初是作为自然语言界面设计的，用于用户可能会询问域，插槽和值进一步描述的实体的固定数据集。随着我们朝着适应性的对话系统迈进，有关域，插槽和值的知识可能会发生变化，因此越来越需要大规模从原始对话或相关的非拨号数据中自动提取这些术语。在本文中，我们通过探索可以使系统能够以纯粹数据驱动的方式在对话中发现对话中的域，插槽和值的不同功能来迈出这个方向的重要一步。我们检查的功能来自单词嵌入，语言建模功能以及嵌入空间一词的拓扑特征。为了检查每个功能集的效用，我们基于广泛使用的多沃兹数据集训练种子模型。然后，我们将此模型应用于其他语料库，即模式引导的对话数据集。我们的方法的表现优于仅依赖单词嵌入的先前提出的方法。我们还证明，每个功能都负责发现各种内容。我们认为，我们的结果需要进一步研究本体诱导，并继续利用对话和自然语言处理研究的拓扑数据分析。

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

尽管早期的经验证据支持了学到的索引结构的案例，因为它们具有有利的平均案例表现，但对其最差的表现知之甚少。相比之下，已知经典结构可以实现最佳的最坏情况行为。这项工作评估了在存在对抗工作量的情况下学习指数结构的鲁棒性。为了模拟对抗性工作负载，我们对线性回归模型进行了数据中毒攻击，该模型操纵了训练学习的索引模型的累积分布函数（CDF）。攻击通过将一组中毒键注入训练数据集，从而恶化了基础ML模型的拟合度，从而导致模型的预测误差增加，从而减少了学习指数结构的整体性能。我们评估了各种回归方法的性能和学习指数实现Alex和PGM索引。我们表明，在对中毒与非毒品数据集进行评估时，学到的指数结构可能会遭受高达20％的显着性能恶化。

培训和评估语言模型越来越多地要求构建元数据 - 多样化的策划数据收集，并具有清晰的出处。自然语言提示最近通过将现有的，有监督的数据集转换为多种新颖的预处理任务，突出了元数据策划的好处，从而改善了零击的概括。尽管将这些以数据为中心的方法转化为生物医学语言建模的通用域文本成功，但由于标记的生物医学数据集在流行的数据中心中的代表性大大不足，因此仍然具有挑战性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了BigBio一个由126个以上的生物医学NLP数据集的社区库，目前涵盖12个任务类别和10多种语言。 BigBio通过对数据集及其元数据进行程序化访问来促进可再现的元数据策划，并与当前的平台兼容，以及时工程和端到端的几个/零射击语言模型评估。我们讨论了我们的任务架构协调，数据审核，贡献指南的过程，并概述了两个说明性用例：生物医学提示和大规模，多任务学习的零射门评估。 BigBio是一项持续的社区努力，可在https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/biomedical上获得。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

3D感知最近的进展在了解3DACHAPES甚至场景的几何结构方面表现出令人印象深刻的进展。灵感来自这些进步的几何理解，我们旨在利用几何约束下学到的表示基于图像的感知。我们介绍一种基于多视图RGB-D数据学习View-Invariant的方法，用于网络预训练的网络预训练的几何感知表示，然后可以将其有效地传送到下游2D任务。我们建议在多视图IM-ysge约束和图像 - 几何约束下采用对比学习，以便在学习的2D表示中进行编码。这不仅仅是在几乎非仅对图像的语义分割，实例分段和对象检测的基于图像的基于图像的基于图像的TASK上学习而改进，而且，但是，在低数据方案中提供了显着的改进。我们对全数据的语义细分显示6.0％的显着提高，以及剪刀上的基线20％数据上的11.9％。

相关特征的识别，即确定系统的过程或属性的驱动变量，是对具有大量变量的数据集分析的重要组成部分。量化这些特征相关性的数学严格方法是相互信息。相互信息确定特征在其联合相互依赖与感兴趣的财产方面的相关性。但是，相互信息需要作为输入概率分布，这不能可靠地从连续分布（例如长度或能量）等连续分布中估计。在这里，我们介绍了总累积共同信息（TCMI），这是对相互依赖关系的相关性的度量，该信息将相互信息扩展到基于累积概率分布的连续分布的随机变量。 TCMI是一种非参数，鲁棒和确定性的度量，可促进具有不同基数的特征集之间的比较和排名。 TCMI诱导的排名允许特征选择，即，考虑到数据示例的数量以及一组变量集的基数，识别与感兴趣属性的非线性统计学相关的变量集的识别。我们通过模拟数据评估测量的性能，将其性能与类似的多元依赖性度量进行比较，并在一组标准数据集中证明了我们的功能选择方法的有效性以及材料科学中的典型情况。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We address the problem of extracting key steps from unlabeled procedural videos, motivated by the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) headsets to revolutionize job training and performance. We decompose the problem into two steps: representation learning and key steps extraction. We employ self-supervised representation learning via a training strategy that adapts off-the-shelf video features using a temporal module. Training implements self-supervised learning losses involving multiple cues such as appearance, motion and pose trajectories extracted from videos to learn generalizable representations. Our method extracts key steps via a tunable algorithm that clusters the representations extracted from procedural videos. We quantitatively evaluate our approach with key step localization and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the extracted representations on related downstream tasks like phase classification. Qualitative results demonstrate that the extracted key steps are meaningful to succinctly represent the procedural tasks.

With the advent of Neural Style Transfer (NST), stylizing an image has become quite popular. A convenient way for extending stylization techniques to videos is by applying them on a per-frame basis. However, such per-frame application usually lacks temporal-consistency expressed by undesirable flickering artifacts. Most of the existing approaches for enforcing temporal-consistency suffers from one or more of the following drawbacks. They (1) are only suitable for a limited range of stylization techniques, (2) can only be applied in an offline fashion requiring the complete video as input, (3) cannot provide consistency for the task of stylization, or (4) do not provide interactive consistency-control. Note that existing consistent video-filtering approaches aim to completely remove flickering artifacts and thus do not respect any specific consistency-control aspect. For stylization tasks, however, consistency-control is an essential requirement where a certain amount of flickering can add to the artistic look and feel. Moreover, making this control interactive is paramount from a usability perspective. To achieve the above requirements, we propose an approach that can stylize video streams while providing interactive consistency-control. Apart from stylization, our approach also supports various other image processing filters. For achieving interactive performance, we develop a lite optical-flow network that operates at 80 Frames per second (FPS) on desktop systems with sufficient accuracy. We show that the final consistent video-output using our flow network is comparable to that being obtained using state-of-the-art optical-flow network. Further, we employ an adaptive combination of local and global consistent features and enable interactive selection between the two. By objective and subjective evaluation, we show that our method is superior to state-of-the-art approaches.